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ChildrenYoung Adults

Down Syndrome

Supporting development, participation and potential

About Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (also known as trisomy 21) is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It affects physical development, learning, and sometimes health in a range of ways. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition in the UK, with around 40,000 people living with it and approximately 750 new diagnoses each year (Down's Syndrome Association). People with Down syndrome have a wide range of abilities and, with the right support and opportunities, can lead full and active lives. Physiotherapy supports motor development from infancy and plays an important role throughout childhood, adolescence, and into adult life.

Down syndrome affects people of all backgrounds equally. The likelihood of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with maternal age, though most babies with Down syndrome are born to mothers under 35 because younger women have more babies overall. Life expectancy has increased dramatically — many people with Down syndrome now live into their 60s and beyond.

Information sourced from: NHS, Down's Syndrome Association

Signs & Symptoms

  • Hypotonia (low muscle tone) — present from birth and affecting all muscle groups
  • Delayed motor milestones — sitting, crawling, standing and walking
  • Ligamentous laxity (joint hypermobility) affecting stability
  • Atlantoaxial instability — increased mobility at the top of the spine requiring precaution
  • Flat feet and altered gait patterns
  • Reduced muscle strength and endurance
  • Short stature and obesity risk
  • Intellectual disability — mild to moderate in most cases
  • Associated conditions including congenital heart disease, visual and hearing impairment

How Physiotherapy Helps

  • Early intervention — supporting motor milestones from infancy
  • Core strengthening and postural stability programmes
  • Balance and coordination training
  • Gait assessment and retraining, including orthotic advice
  • Hydrotherapy to build strength and confidence in a fun, low-impact environment
  • Rebound therapy to develop motor skills and enjoyment of movement
  • Transition support — helping young people develop independence in adult life
  • Fitness and exercise programmes to support weight management and cardiovascular health
  • Education for families on safe handling and developmental activities at home

What to Expect from Physio4Kids

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A developmental assessment at any age — from early infancy to adulthood

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A personalised programme focused on functional goals important to the family

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Sessions at home, nursery, school, or community venues

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Fun, play-based therapy for younger children

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Ongoing support through key developmental transitions

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Written reports for EHCP, court, case management, or medical records

Ready to discuss Down Syndrome support?

Our specialist physiotherapy team has extensive experience supporting children and young adults with down syndrome. Contact us today for a free initial conversation.