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Spina Bifida

Maximising mobility and independence from the earliest stages

About Spina Bifida

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not develop properly during the first month of pregnancy. It results in a gap in the spine. The most serious form, myelomeningocele (open spina bifida), involves the spinal cord protruding through the back and often causes paralysis, muscle weakness, and bladder or bowel problems. Spina bifida occulta is a milder form where there is a small gap in the spine but the cord is not exposed. In England, around 1 in every 1,000 pregnancies is affected by spina bifida (NHS). The condition presents significant challenges to mobility, but specialist physiotherapy and multidisciplinary care can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.

Spina bifida is present from birth. It affects approximately 700–900 babies each year in the UK (Shine). The level and extent of the spinal defect determines the degree of disability, which can range from mild weakness to complete paralysis below the lesion.

Information sourced from: NHS, Shine Charity

Signs & Symptoms

  • Partial or complete paralysis of the legs
  • Weakness, altered tone, or absent sensation in the lower limbs
  • Bladder and bowel dysfunction
  • Hydrocephalus (excess fluid on the brain), often managed with a shunt
  • Scoliosis and postural difficulties
  • Joint deformities including hip dislocation, clubfoot, and contractures
  • Latex allergy (common in people with spina bifida)
  • Learning and cognitive difficulties associated with hydrocephalus

How Physiotherapy Helps

  • Maximising ambulatory potential through walking programmes, orthoses, and aids
  • Strengthening exercises targeting muscles above the lesion level
  • Postural management to prevent deformity and manage scoliosis
  • Joint range of motion exercises to prevent contractures
  • Hydrotherapy to facilitate movement in a weight-supported environment
  • Advising on appropriate wheelchair or mobility equipment
  • Rebound therapy to improve balance, core strength, and confidence
  • Transition support as the young person moves into adult services
  • Liaison with orthopaedics, urology, and neurosurgery teams

What to Expect from Physio4Kids

1

An assessment of functional mobility, muscle strength, and postural alignment

2

A tailored programme focused on the individual's goals and functional potential

3

Sessions delivered in community settings — at home, school, or therapy centre

4

Ongoing review to adapt the programme as the child grows

5

Coordination with the wider spina bifida multidisciplinary team

6

Written reports for EHCP, social care, or legal proceedings as required

Ready to discuss Spina Bifida support?

Our specialist physiotherapy team has extensive experience supporting children and young adults with spina bifida. Contact us today for a free initial conversation.